Which type of insurance protects against losses from events that occurred before the policy purchase?

Title insurance is designed to protect property buyers and lenders from potential losses associated with defects in the title of a property or claims against it that may arise from events that occurred before the policy was purchased. For instance, if there are liens, unsettled debts, or ownership disputes from previous owners that were not disclosed or discovered during the buying process, a title insurance policy would cover the financial impact of those issues. This type of insurance is unique in that it deals specifically with historical problems related to property titles, ensuring that the current owner is protected against hidden risks that predated their ownership.

Other choices like homeowners, renters, and health insurance typically cover events that occur after the policy is in effect or specifically during the period of coverage. They do not extend benefits or protection for incidents or losses that happened prior to the purchase of the policy. Thus, title insurance stands out as the correct choice for safeguarding against prior events concerning ownership and transfer of real estate.